John Wheeler and the Golden Age of General Relativity.
On July 9 1911 American theoretical physicist John Archibald Wheeler was born. Wheeler worked with Niels Bohr in explaining the basic principles behind nuclear fission as well as with Albert Einstein with whom he tried to achieve Einstein's vision of a unified field theory. He is also known for popularizing the term black hole and for coining the terms quantum foam and wormhole. John Wheeler earned his doctorate degree from the John Hopkins University in 1933 and his dissertation was on the theory of the dispersion and absorption of helium. In his early years as a scientist, Wheeler at the University of North Carolina until he moved to Princeton University. He became the director of the Center for Theoretical Physics at the University of Texas in 1976 and kept this position until retiring in 1986 However, Wheeler eventually returned to Princeton as a professor emeritus. The scientist supervised more PhD as well as senior undergraduate theses than any other professor in the Princeton physics department. In 1937 Wheeler the S-matrix which relates the initial state and the final state of a physical system undergoing a scattering process and became an important tool in particle physics. Also, the scientist collaborated with Nils Bohr on the liquid drop model of nuclear fission. He interrupted his academic career to participate in the development of the atomic bomb during the Manhattan Project working at the Hanford Site in Washington where several large nuclear reactors were constructed to produce the element plutonium for atomic bombs. In later years, Wheeler worked on the development of the more powerful hydrogen bomb under the nuclear weapons program. John Wheeler returned to Princeton and increased his interest in mathematical extensions to the Theory of General Relativity. He introduced the concept and the word wormhole to describe hypothetical "tunnels" in space-time Unfortunately, the subject of general relativity was not very much respected, being detached from experiment. However, Wheeler great efforts in the revival of the research field and his as well as his students' work made significant contributions to the Golden Age of General Relativity. The so called golden age includes many of the concepts and terms which continue to inspire the imagination of gravitation researchers and the general public. At the same time, in a closely related development, the study of physical cosmology entered the mainstream and the Big Bang became well established. Major research topics included the role of curvature in general relativity the importance of black holes and "precision tests" of gravitation theories. Wheeler's work in general relativity included the theory of gravitational collapse. He was also a pioneer in the field of quantum gravity with his development of the Wheeler–DeWitt equation which is the equation governing the wave function of the Universe, as he called it. John Wheeler passed away on April 13, 2008. He was awarded the Wolf Prize in Physics in 1997. At yovisto, you may be interested in a short interview with John Wheeler himself.